INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: found that short-term IL-6 treatment (30-90 minutes) increased socs-3 expression in HepG2 cells and rat hepatocytes, potentially affecting insulin-induced IRS-1 tyrosine phosphorylation, p85 binding, and downstream PKB/Akt phosphorylation, with a similar mechanism implicated in T2DM (122–124).