Previous data revealed that 5.3% (14), 10.4% (45/433), and 10.5% (29/275) of infertile, recurrent miscarriage and repeated implantation failure patients reported CE, respectively, according to the results of immunohistochemical detection of the endometrial cluster of differentiation 138 (CD138) (syndecan-1) (15). Here, SDC1 is linked to cholesteryl ester measurement.