Although no significant difference in the EV modal size was noted (Fig. 1A), TGF-β1 stimulation led to a significant increase in the number of EVs (EV+ TGF−β1) secreted by the three BRCA cells; concomitant treatment with a TGF-β receptor type I kinase inhibitor (TβRi, 2.0 μM) blocked the release of EV+ TGF−β1 (Fig. 1B). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is invasive breast carcinoma.