TNF and psoriasis: Psoriasis is triggered by the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells due to genetic and environmental factors, leading to the production of various proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-22, IL-23, and IL-1β [33], resulting in chronic inflammation through excessive keratinocyte proliferation [26, 34].