The role of GRN as a chemo-resistance driver was further confirmed across multiple independent SCLC transcriptomic data from SCLC cell lines [6], PDX [3], Circulating Tumor Cells derived xenograft (CDX) [7], and GEMM models [8], where GRN expression was significantly associated with chemotherapy responses (Fig. 1D–I, Fig. S1B–G). Here, GRN is linked to neoplasm.