VEGFA and neoplasm: Guthrie and coworkers [18], in 118 patients with primary operable colorectal cancer, reported that when normalised for T stage, tumour necrosis was significantly associated with interleukin-6, interleukin-10, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), white cell, neutrophil, and platelet counts, and skeletal muscle index [18].