Another suggested mechanism to illustrate lactoferrin’s effect on CKD-induced anemia is that lactoferrin has structural similarities like transferrin, has a greater affinity for binding to iron across a wide range of pH values, retains its ability to bind to iron even after being heated, and has the potential to increase the absorption of iron in the intestines and promote the formation of hemoglobin16,18. This evidence concerns the gene TF and anemia (phenotype).