In this sense, it has been shown that the antiapoptotic and proliferative effects of PRL in PCa cells might be either direct (STAT5-mediated) [91, 92] (Fig. 4) or indirect [93] (Fig. 5), implying PRL-induced expression of receptors for growth factors such as IGF1R or AR [94]. This evidence concerns the gene PRL and posterior cortical atrophy.