APOE and atherosclerosis: Pioneer studies on the induction of cardiovascular degeneration have focused on the role of cholesterol in atherosclerosis10 or the pathophysiological interaction between human atherosclerosis and lipid metabolism disorders, particularly addressing the LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E.11The purpose of these studies was to understand the underlying mechanisms of atherosclerosis in order to find an approach to attenuate or even inhibit the initiation or progression of atherosclerosis, which is a major determinant of death worldwide.