VPS41 and neurodegenerative disease: Deletion of VPS41 is embryonically lethal (Aoyama et al., 2012), and we and others have shown that mutations in VPS41 result in a severe neurodegenerative disease caused by a defect in HOPS-dependent endosome–lysosome fusion (Pols et al., 2013a; Steel et al., 2020; Monfrini et al., 2021; Sanderson et al., 2021; van der Welle et al., 2021).