IFNG and neoplasm: The SAP module also inhibited the release of the immunosuppressive factor IL-10, and promoted the release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in UCAR-T cells to target tumor cells, while maintaining comparable levels of granzyme B release to those observed in the mock CAR-T group (Figure 5E).