In conclusion, in this study of 500 people with newly diagnosed HIV and tuberculosis symptoms (with tuberculosis diagnosed in 18%) who participated in a trial of 2 rapid treatment initiation protocols, we identified sociodemographic (age, educational attainment), treatment-related (dolutegravir-based regimens), clinical (tuberculosis diagnosis), and laboratory-based (CD4 cell count and anemia) predictors of clinical outcomes over a follow-up period of 48 weeks. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is anemia.