CD4 and anemia (phenotype): In this study of 500 people with newly diagnosed HIV and tuberculosis symptoms (with a tuberculosis diagnosis in about 1 in 5) who participated in a randomized trial of 2 rapid treatment initiation protocols, we identified sociodemographic (age, educational attainment), treatment-related (dolutegravir-based regimens), clinical (tuberculosis diagnosis), and laboratory-based (CD4 cell count and anemia) predictors of clinical outcomes over a follow-up period of 48 weeks.