CLU and cancer: To confirm this hypothesis, we conducted a bioanalysis of data from TCGA database and discovered that CLU mRNA levels were significantly correlated with glutathione metabolism gene expression in HNSCC (Fig. 6D and E), and the qPCR assay data in vitro were in accord with bioanalysis results (Supplementary Fig. 6A, B) Furthermore, our data revealed that CLU mRNA levels play critical roles in macrophage infiltration and GSH metabolism in various cancers (Fig. 6F).