Furthermore, recent studies have also confirmed the expression of MAGE-A4 in various malignancies such as breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (Xiao et al. 2023; Sani et al. 2018; Freiberger et al. 2023; Montoro et al. 2012). This evidence concerns the gene MAGEA4 and melanoma.