In all five cases, we observed a significant reduction in cancer organoid size and, in most organoids, also a reduction in organoid number (TOR124 and TOR41 were not significant) upon incubation with adipocytes infected with UCP1-CRISPRa AAV9 compared to the dCas9–VP64-only treated cells (Fig. 5b and Extended Data Fig. 5d). Here, UCP1 is linked to cancer.