The three oncogenes, Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Associated Antigen 4 (CTLA-4), Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 (PD1), were primarily concerned with promoting the growth of colorectal cancer (CRC), worsening inflammatory reactions, and metastasis through the secretion or activation of cytokines and chemokines in the tumor microenvironment16–19. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.