ASPN and Hip dysplasia: Several genes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of DDH, including C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), Asporin (ASPN), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) (Zamborsky et al., 2019).