TNF and asthma: Children with asthma had higher levels of IL-2 (p = 0.005), IL-5 (p < 0.001), IL-13 (p = 0.021), IL-17A (p < 0.001), IL-22 (p < 0.001), IL-33 (p < 0.001), TNF-α (p < 0.001), and lower levels of IL-10 (p = 0.046) and leptin (p < 0.001) compared to those without asthma (Table 2).