Studies have revealed that CXCR3+ CD4+ T cells were critical in preventing persistent HPV infection and cancer progression (Bodily and Laimins, 2011; Hickman et al., 2015), while CXCR3+ CD4+ Trm cells were irreversibly depleted in patients with advanced HIV disease (Saluzzo et al., 2021). The gene discussed is CXCR3; the disease is cancer.