TNF-α is increased in AD patients with DS (no DS and control, respectively) (40.9 ± 22.3 vs. 5.8 ± 2.1, p < 0.05; 40.9 ± 22.3 vs. 5.2 ± 2.4, p < 0.05). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is Alzheimer disease.