GSK3B and hepatocellular carcinoma: In conclusion, NUAK1 promotes PD-L1 expression through the activation of GSK3β/β-catenin pathway, thereby reducing the infilitration and activity of CD8+ T cells and leading to immune escape of HCC (Fig. 8). Our results reveal a new role of NUAK1 in tumor immune regulation, which has important implications for the identification of new immune predictors and the development of more predictors and therapeutic markers for HCC.