Specifically, the strongest remaining signal (P < 10−15) after using ACs surrounds rs5743618 on chromosome 4, linked to toll-like-receptor genes involved in innate immunity40,41, including TLR1 and TLR10, one of the strongest hay fever hits in European GWAS cohorts42,43, with weaker asthma risk association. Here, TLR1 is linked to seasonal allergic rhinitis.