We found that the commensal bacteria from responding subjects (BacResp), but not the bacteria from non-responding subjects (BacNon) significantly improved the anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy by inhibiting tumor growth (Fig. 9I, top panel) and lung metastasis (Fig. 9I, bottom panel), as well as prolonged survival of the mice (Fig. 9J). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.