SMAD4 and lung cancer: This is consistent with previous reports where FOSL2 has been identified as a downstream mediator of TGFβ signaling in various tumors, including non‐small cell lung cancer.[52, 53] To determine whether activation of the canonical TGFβ pathway is required for TGFβ‐associated MP‐pattern genes transcription, shRNA‐mediated knockdown of SMAD2, SMAD3 and SMAD4, which reported in our previous study,[45] was performed in M‐M2 tumor cell.