INS and Abdominal obesity: First, the lack of information regarding smoking, medical history, medication usage, and other pertinent factors poses a challenge to our analysis of more crucial variables; the inadequacy of measurements such as waist circumference, body composition analysis, and fasting insulin level hinders further investigation into the role of abdominal obesity in NAFLD and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver diseases (MASLD), a newly coined term for NAFLD [42]; the unavailability of FibroTouch or FibroScan prevents early-stage fatty liver patient screening [43].