VANGL2 and inflammatory bowel disease: Next, to determine the function and relevance of VANGL2 and NLRP3 inflammasome in IBD patients, we detected the expression of VANGL2 and NLRP3 in the colon of IBD patients (Fig 8A and 8B) and observed that VANGL2 mRNA expression was reduced in colon tissue and PBMCs from IBD patients (Fig 8C and 8D).