We investigated: (i) whether LTPA patterns are directly associated with Alzheimer’s disease-related neurodegeneration markers at age 70; (ii) whether LTPA patterns are indirectly related to brain health by moderating the relationships between Alzheimer’s disease-related neurodegeneration markers and cognition at age 70 (in line with the cognitive resilience framework17); (iii) whether these relationships vary by sex, APOE-ɛ4 genotype and concurrent levels of cerebral small vessel disease. This evidence concerns the gene APOE and Alzheimer disease.