H19 and diabetes mellitus: In the age-based subgroup analysis, the H19 SNP rs3741219 AG genotype (AOR: 1.888, 95% CI: 1.065-3.348, p = 0.030) and the AG+GG genotype combination (AOR: 1.778, 95% CI: 1.034-3.057, p = 0.037) were significantly associated with an increased risk of DR development in individuals with diabetes onset before the age of 45 (Table 3).