CXCL17 and lung carcinoma: Of note, detection of VCC-1 expression in an established series of human lung cancer cell lines with varying invasive and metastatic activities (CL1-0, CL1-1, CL1-5, and CL1-5-F4) revealed a positive correlation between VCC-1 expression and cancer invasiveness, suggesting a close association between VCC-1 expression levels and tumor progression (Figure 1E).