TNF and Myocardial fibrosis: In the male Wistar rats treated with 1 mg/kg of LPS for three weeks, thymoquinone at 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg doses also could improve myocardial fibrosis through decreasing the cardiac level of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, NO, and MDA, and enhancing the total thiol content and SOD and CAT activity (Asgharzadeh et al. 2018).