MALAT1 and osteoporosis: Additionally, MALAT1 participates in osteogenic differentiation through MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways in osteoporosis (84, 85) and H19 induces an osteogenic phenotype in isolated human mesenchymal stem cells via the Wnt pathway (86), indicating that they may also be involved in aortic valve calcification.