GAAD (Cobas), GALAD (Cobas), and GALAD (μTASWAKO) were able to discriminate between early- (AUC 91.0–91.5%), late- (98.2–98.3%), and all-stage HCC (94.7–95.0%) from CLD controls (Fig. 5A–C). The gene discussed is NME1; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.