We discovered that in colitis, pro-inflammatory Th1 and Th17 T-cell subsets, marked respectively by double positive CD4+IFN-γ+ and CD4+IL-17+ staining, accumulated in colon, which were dramatically inhibited by infused P5-MSCs cultured in both 2D and 3D environments (Figure 4A-D). This evidence concerns the gene IFNG and colitis.