Conversely, CD19 on IgD+ CD38- naive B cells (OR=0.94, 95% CI [0.882-0.996], P=0.037), CD20 on naive mature B cells (OR=0.94, 95% CI [0.888-0.998], P=0.043), CD20 on IgD+ B cells (OR=0.93, 95% CI [0.86-0.99], P=0.028), and CD24 on transitional B cells (OR=0.81, 95% CI [0.69-0.96], P=0.013) were associated with a reduced risk of IPF development. Here, CD38 is linked to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.