In a large-scale cohort study on esophageal cancer TLS (394 and 256 ESCC patients from Sun Yat sen University Cancer Center and the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, it was found that mature TLS was an independent prognostic factor for patients, and mature TLS with high levels of CD8 infiltration had a better prognosis (30). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.