Because camptothecin-derivatives are widely used in medical oncology to treat different tumor types (e.g., colon cancer, ovarian cancer, breast cancer), and because E2F4 and the DREAM complex represent fundamental components of the cell-cycle machinery, expressed ubiquitously across many organs and tissues, our findings are likely to be applicable across a wide spectrum of clinical settings, and cold be leveraged to improve the therapeutic activity of chemotherapy for a relatively large and diverse population of cancer patients. Here, E2F4 is linked to cancer.