BEST1 and atrial fibrillation: For hyper-AF, BEST1 exhibited the largest areas of hyper-AF, which can be attributed to the vitelliform lesion(s) that are characteristically observed in autosomal dominant and recessive forms of the disease (Fig 4B).37, 38, 39 For ring, the presence of a macular ring typically corresponds to a demarcation between the diseased and nondiseased retina and is usually seen in RP and cone–rod dystrophies, in keeping with our findings here (Fig 4C).3