Inflammatory biomarkers and brain-specific metabolic biomarkers have been extensively studied in delirium, and inflammatory cytokines and activation markers of astrocytes and glial cells (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and S100β protein levels) positively correlate with longer duration of delirium, severity of delirium, and higher in-hospital mortality [25]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is delirium.