SLC30A10 and Dystonia: manganese was also found adjacent to the nucleus of dopaminergic neurons in SN.116 SLC30A10 is a cell surface protein involved in the efflux of manganese, and deficiency in manganese efflux transporter SLC30A10 causes ~20–60-fold higher level of manganese level in the brain, indicating a protection role of SLC30A10 against neurotoxicity.117,118 Patients with a mutation in SLC30A10 exhibit significantly elevated levels of manganese in their blood and all of them present with Dystonia or Parkinsonism.