With the treatment of paraquat to induce PD-like phenotype, H67D HFE mice showed an increased level of ferritin light chain and exhibited resistance to paraquat-induced nigral neuronal toxicity.301 Furthermore, increased levels of ferritin light chain and activation of Nrf2 were observed in the H67D-HEF astrocytes following paraquat treatment, which provided protection against paraquat-induced neurotoxicity for both astrocytes and neighboring neurons.302 On the other hand, astrocytes also have a negative effect on neuronal iron accumulation in PD. This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and Parkinson disease.