TNF and diabetes mellitus: The disorder is generally recognizedas a significant contributor to the accelerated progression of neurodegenerationin patients with DM.2 Excessive accumulationof reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads to the production of inflammatorycytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) andinterleukin 6 (IL-6) mediated by the neuroinflammation-related transcriptionfactor nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), ultimately resultingin the initiation of apoptosis in the neural cells.3