MAPK8 and Alzheimer disease: Morphological shrinkage andDNA fragmentation discovered in the neurons of the brain in patientswith PD also support the aforementioned mechanism.7 Additionally, the pathophysiology of AD involves the oxidativestress-driven hyperphosphorylation of the protein Tau, which interruptsthe conduction of nerve impulses and leads to c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)-mediated apoptosis and cell-cycle disruption.8 Thus, apoptosis plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiologyof AD and PD.