Importantly, a low-magnesium diet weakened lung inflammatory changes, NET formation by neutrophils and TNFα and NOS2 production by macrophages (Fig. 6A–E and Supplementary Fig. S15B), suggesting that magnesium diet regulation is likely a helpful approach for regulating Piezo1-directed NET formation and macrophage differentiation during the response to viral infection. Here, TNF is linked to viral infectious disease.