TXN2 and steatosis: While TXN2 expression levels in postmenopausal healthy donors were comparable to or slightly higher than those in premenopausal healthy donors (normal: mean premenopausal = 831.45, mean postmenopausal = 878.57), TXN2 expression was notably higher in premenopausal specimens at all three stages of MASLD progression compared to their postmenopausal counterparts (Steatosis: mean premenopausal = 860.93, mean postmenopausal = 834.93; Early MASH: mean premenopausal = 789.21, mean postmenopausal = 783.47; Late MASH: mean premenopausal = 768.25, mean postmenopausal = 702.79; Fig. 7a–c).