AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: The inhibition of AFP expression could promote the phagocytosis of HCC cells by TAMs.[41] Additionally, in HCC, researchers have shown that VEGF inhibitors exert an inhibitory effect on TAM polarization and function during the interaction between TAMs and tumor cells and that this effect is achieved by inhibiting the VEGFR2/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.[71]