EGF and glioblastoma: Researchers have shown that Gal-9 expression is upregulated in chromosome 10-deficient GBM cells through the activation of AKT and its downstream signaling pathways and that Gal-9 then promotes M2 polarization of TAMs by interacting with the macrophage receptor T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (Tim-3).[15] EGF is a secreted EGF.