SPARC and bile duct carcinoma: SPARC is a cysteine-rich acidic secreted protein that is expressed in a variety of cancer tissues and is involved in a wide range of cell biological behaviors.[43] Deng found that knockdown of SPARC inhibited the M2 polarization of TAMs, and after activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, the inhibitory effects of SPARC knockdown on the M2 polarization of TAMs and the inhibition of bile duct carcinoma were counteracted.[44] Thymosin β10 (TMSB10) belongs to the β-thymosin family and is an actin-sequestering protein.