SOD1 and cancer: For instance, SOD1 suppresses WNT signaling and upregulates EGFR ligand expression to support intestinal stem cell growth, or acts as a nuclear transcription factor to promote the expression of oxidative stress responsive genes for resisting oxidative DNA damage, independently of its enzymatic activity.[23] However, whether the nonenzymatic functions of SOD1 play roles in cancer remains to be further investigated.