MAFF and atherosclerosis: In addition, MAFF‐BACH1 heterodimers binding at the MAF recognition element in the low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) promoter significantly reduces LDLR expression in the human hepatocytes, indicating MAFF‐BACH1 may be associated with lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in the liver.[126] Therefore, BACH1 plays a complex role in atherosclerosis, involving multiple aspects such as oxidative stress, inflammatory response, endothelial function, and lipid metabolism.