NAMPT and autoimmune disease: Recent studies have detected visfatin in various tissues and cells, including those of the immune system,[54] chondrocytes,[55] and amniotic epithelial cells.[56] Importantly, visfatin has been shown to promote fibrosis in multiple organs, including the liver and heart.[57, 58] Additionally, visfatin has been found to be highly expressed in various autoimmune diseases, including one study in RA[59] and another study in autoimmune thyroiditis.[60] However, the serum levels and potential roles of visfatin in AIP remain to be fully elucidated.