L. infantum-stimulated neutrophils also exhibited increasedexpression of pro-inflammatory genes IL6, TNFA, CXCL1, and CXCL2. Secreted mtDNA itself serves as a danger-associated molecular pattern(DAMP) for other cells, as stated by Itagaki and colleagues.18 These results highlight a potentially novelrole for neutrophils during parasitic infection as a source of DAMPs,released by vital NETosis, and as a source of inflammatory and chemoattractantmolecules at the site of infection. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is infection.