The pathways identified to be upregulated in the tumor compared to the ascites of our ES-2 model by IPA analysis of differentially expressed gene patterns are consistent with processes known to be involved in the establishment of ovarian cancer metastases: integrin–cell surface interactions, signaling by VEGF, molecular mechanisms of cancer, and extracellular matrix reorganization pathways (40). This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and ovarian carcinoma.