Over the past two decades, inflammation has been implicated at each step of atherogenesis, although the causal link has been debated.56 57 Inflammatory mediators are elevated in heart failure, and C reactive protein (CRP) is associated with increased risk of CV events and the development of heart failure.58–60 Clinical evidence that reducing inflammation can reduce CV events was reported in the CANTOS trial (NCT01327846). Here, CRP is linked to heart failure.