It is important to note that almost all inducible factors, such as AP-1, NF-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3), GR, PR, and FOXA1/2 reported to have binding sites on HPV16 LCR, exhibit altered expression and activity in HNSCC.6 Here, STAT3 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.